War Is Peace, Freedom Is Slavery, Ignorance Is Strength

1984 for whatever length of time that administrations have existed, the individuals they managed dreaded them. This dread and the longing to improve these legislatures have let to incalculable various endeavors to consummate government. From the most liberal majority rules system to the most squashing autocracy, governments have all confronted a few deficiencies. On account of the flaws characteristic in all administrations, different kinds of administration have been the point for some creators. The late writer Ayn Rand composed numerous books on the difficulty that a communist government could bring and upheld the excellence of independence. She felt that by permitting government to confine our individual opportunities, we were condemning ourselves to an unavoidable demise. She composed that â€Å"We are quick moving toward the phase of a definitive reversal: the phase where the administration is allowed to do anything it satisfies, while the residents may act just by authorization; which is the phase of the darkest times of mankind's history, the phase of rule by beast force† (Rand). Rand understood that an administration with an excessive amount of control would not have the option to help however overextend. Despite the fact that George Orwell kicked the bucket seven years before the distribution of Ayn Rand’s most notable novel Atlas Shrugged, he held a similar dread of an almighty government. Orwell felt that with the new innovation showing up during his life and the ever-expanding intensity of government, the legislators could decide to control each feature of the citizens’ lives. The epic 1984 is a portrayal of what Orwell thought would occur if an authoritarian system were left unchecked by the individuals. He illustrates this oppressed world in 1984 by the unbelievable utilization of both imagery and incongruity. Orwell lets practically no time go before he brings imagery and incongruity into his story. He starts his novel by saying that â€Å"it was a splendid, cold day in April, and the tickers were striking thirteen† (Orwell 1). By saying that it was a brilliant day in April, Orwell gives the peruser a feeling that there is trust. April, a month in the spring, is an image of a fresh start and is a great abstract device for indicating the start of a novel. Orwell’s notice of a splendid day is another reference to the expectation despite everything present in the lives of the characters. Had Orwell expressed that the day was dim or diminish, it could have given the peruser an altogether unique attitude toward how the characters lives may turn out. Regardless of these two idealistic images, Orwell likewise tosses in two exceptionally unpropitious images in a similar sentence. The explanation behind doing this is to established a pace of incongruity that brings through the remainder of the book. Notwithstanding depicting the day as brilliant, Orwell likewise depicts it to be cold. This is his unpretentious method of educating the peruser that not all things are well in the characters’ lives. Orwell likewise thought that it was essential to tell the perusers that the timekeepers were striking thirteen, an unfavorable number for some social human advancements. A case of this is in Christianity where Judas, the thirteenth individual to be situated at the last dinner, later sold out Jesus. (Imprint 14. 10-11) The advancement of the plot of 1984 is filled with instances of incongruity. Orwell for all intents and purposes explains the incongruity for the peruser when he composes, â€Å"Even the names of the four Ministries by which we are administered show a kind of impudence in their conscious inversion of the realities. The Ministry of Peace worries about war, The Ministry of Truth with lies, The Ministry of Love with torment, and the Ministry of Plenty with starvation† (Orwell 178). This is a significant case of incongruity since it is utilized to show the total separate from the ethics and standards of a free society. The principle character, Winston Smith, is to some degree an amusing character himself. He isn't the run of the mill hero. Most heroes are solid, husky and fearless, while Winston is slight and has a ulcer on his leg. Winston is utilized in the â€Å"records† division of the Ministry of Truth. In spite of its respectable name, The Ministry of Truth is really the part of government that amends the past to make the lies of the current valid. Truth be told, Winston’s work is to revise history to meet current needs. Another prevailing case of incongruity is the Party’s trademark: â€Å"WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH† (Orwell 17). The trademark is a case of shallow verbal incongruity. Be that as it may, upon closer assessment, it reveals more insight into Orwell’s expectation. By expressing that â€Å"war is peace†, Orwell sends particular messages to two limitlessly various gatherings. To the proles, the ordinary people, â€Å"war is peace† can be perused at its most strict importance, that there can one day be harmony by overcoming the adversary and making sure about triumph. In spite of the straightforward understanding the proles have of the trademark, those in the Inner Party, the gathering of individuals accountable for Oceania, have a significantly more wicked comprehension of it. To them, the trademark speaks to the shell game that they play with the normal resident. Much like the road card shark taking wagers on which shell the stone is under, the Inner Party guarantees that the populace is centered around whatever nation Oceania is battling, as opposed to on the pioneers of the nation. This case is additionally upheld on page 161 where Orwell portrays the uselessness of the wars that are being battled. â€Å"None of the three superstates ever endeavors any move which includes the danger of genuine defeat† (Orwell 161). Instead of attempt to end the wars, they keep battling to keep the brains of the common laborers busy with loathe. The pioneers in 1984 saw that it was not worthwhile to advocate a severe good code since it restricted their capacity to control the masses. Saul Alinsky shows a later case of this sort of intuition in the book Rules for Radicals. Alinsky, a network coordinator, delineated a lot of rules for individuals to follow as a tricky methods for picking up and looking after force. He saw that so as to look after force, things, for example, ethics and morals should have been adaptable. One of his most significant principles was that â€Å"generally, achievement or disappointment is a forceful determinant of ethics† (Alinsky 15). It is a protected presumption that if Alinsky’s rules were accessible to the Inner Party, they would know precisely how to utilize them. Probably the most grounded instances of incongruity in 1984 are the characters in the Junior Anti-Sex League. The name is ordinary of an association in a tragic culture that looks to disparage whatever causes one gathering to appear to be over another. Much like the Ministry of Love that handles the jails and control, the Junior Anti-Sex League is a Catch 22 too. As a matter of fact, the individuals from the alliance are extremely indiscriminate. One of the fundamental characters associated with the Junior Anti-Sex class is Julia. Ironicly while on a journey with the Junior Anti-Sex League, she finds where she and Winston initially start their undertaking. At the point when Orwell depicts her, he discusses â€Å"her sweet graceful abdomen, which appeared to request that you encompass it with your arm† (Orwell 17) and portrays the red band around it. Ironicly Orwell would go to such extraordinary lengths to portray Julia as an alluring ladylike character, since she is an individual from the Junior Anti-Sex League. Normally, those related with bunches that uphold women's liberation attempt to make light of their cultured qualities. It is additionally unexpected that the band around her abdomen is red. Red is a shading most connected with energy and love, ideas that the Junior Anti-Sex League didn't concur with. One of the key inhabitants of the Junior Anti-Sex League is celibacy. When utilizing imagery, most creators pick the shading blue so as to pass on a feeling of â€Å"loyalty, devotion, steadiness, and chastity† (Jaffe). This is the reason The Virgin Mary is commonly painted sporting blue. A case of imagery, productive all through the story, is that the lives of the characters are in â€Å"telescreens†. A telescreen is a gadget that â€Å"received and transmitted simultaneously† (Orwell 6), and permitted Big Brother to watch out for the individuals. The telescreens straightforwardly represented the inescapable idea of an extremist government’s want to control the masses. For an amazing duration, Orwell had encounters that helped shape his perspective on these administration types. As a youngster, Orwell filled in as a harmony official in Burma. There, he saw the manner in which the British government rewarded the local Burmese individuals. Orwell got shocked with the savagery that swarmed the British Imperial and in the long run distributed two of his most renowned papers, â€Å"A Hanging† and â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† (Brunsdale 7). Orwell was likewise ready to see the revulsions submitted by the Soviet Union, â€Å"where an expected 7,000,000 died in 1940 alone† (Tolstoy 283). Due to his background, Orwell utilized the telescreens as an analogy for how governments misuse their capacity, and to reveal insight into his abhorrence for authoritarianism. As the story advances, Winston finds an old fashioned shop. In addition to other things, Winston buys a glass paperweight. Inside the glass is a bit of coral. Orwell depicts the paperweight as a â€Å"heavy piece of glass, bended on one side, level on the other† with a â€Å"strange, pink, tangled item that reviewed a rose or an ocean anemone† (Orwell 80). Winston is intrigued by how huge the coral appears to him and feels that it has a feeling of perpetual quality and significance. â€Å"Winston’s [paperweight] has a bit of coral installed in it, and he looks at it eagerly, shocked that anything so fragile could get by in a ruthless age† (Shelden 431). The paperweight is significant for two reasons. One is to show how little the individuals know about how old something is. The paperweight is the modest sort of scratch nack that would be found in a blessing shop at an emergency clinic or a truck stop. In any case,

Life in the Mesopelagic Zone of the Ocean

Life in the Mesopelagic Zone of the Ocean The sea is an immense environment that is separated into a few locales comprehensive of the untamed water (pelagic zone), water close to the sea depths (demersal zone), and the sea floor (benthic zone). The pelagic zone comprises of the vast sea barring zones close to the coasts and ocean bottom. This zone is separated into five significant layers set apart by profundity. The mesopelagic zone reaches out from 200 to 1,000 meters (660-3,300 feet) beneath the outside of the sea. This region is known as a twilight zone, as it sits between the epipelagic zone, which gets the most light, and the bathypelagic zone, which gets no light. The light that scopes the mesopelagic zone is diminish and doesn't take into consideration photosynthesis. Notwithstanding, qualifications among day and night can be made in the upper districts of this zone. Key Takeaways Known as a twilight zone, the mesopelagic zone stretches out from 660s incorporate fish, shrimp, squid, kill eels, jellyfish, and zooplankton. The mesopelagic zone encounters huge temperature changes which decline with profundity. This zone likewise assumes a significant job in the cycling of carbon and upkeep of the seas natural way of life. A considerable lot of the mesopelagic creatures help to control the quantities of upper sea surface living beings and thusly fill in as wellsprings of nourishment for other marine creatures. Conditions in the Mesopelagic Zone The conditions in the mesopelagic zone are more cruel than those of the upper epipelagic zone. The low degrees of light in this zone make in unimaginable for photosynthetic living beings to make due in this sea area. Light, oxygen, and temperature decline with profundity, while saltiness and weight increment. Because of these conditions, little assets for food are accessible in the mesopelagic zone, requiring the creatures that possess this territory to relocate to the epipelagic zone to discover food.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/VQqQz0wh5T82RthltrzM6jM1VLc=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/thermocline_2-08b00ea3ae424cf8b6b226aabb7595cd.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/0qtTbl6D2i35nKLetajS_FSgKMo=/600x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/thermocline_2-08b00ea3ae424cf8b6b226aabb7595cd.jpg 600w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/22WJeJt1HqcRJP6eu-EKV78qaLs=/900x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/thermocline_2-08b00ea3ae424cf8b6b226aabb7595cd.jpg 900w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hnvSmbRJ8a9x789w5-oA3LOqR34=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/thermocline_2-08b00ea3ae424cf8b6b226aabb7595cd.jpg 1500w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/C-opfygRKFZ4yC94IjbzHxv8UYg=/1500x1000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/thermocline_2-08b00ea3ae424cf8b6b226aabb7595cd.jpg src=//:0 alt=Thermocline class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-10 information following container=true /> The red line in this delineation shows a run of the mill seawater temperature profile. In the thermocline, temperature diminishes quickly from the blended upper layer of the sea to a lot colder profound water in the thermocline (mesopelagic zone). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The mesopelagic zone additionally contains the thermocline layer. This is a progress layer where temperatures change quickly from the base of the epipelagic zone through the mesopelagic zone. Water in the epipelagic zone is presented to daylight and fast flows that convey warm water all through the zone. In the thermocline, the hotter water from the epipelagic zone blends in with the cooler water of the more profound mesopelagic zone. The thermocline profundity changes yearly relying upon worldwide area and season. In tropical areas, thermocline profundity is semi-perpetual. In polar areas, it is shallow, and in mild districts, it fluctuates, normally getting further in summer. Creatures That Live in the Mesopelagic Zone <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hqUyCokFO7ij5U20GwUnRfPABuI=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/angler_fish-580a1c005f9b58564c51aa8e.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/gxrv2oaPspcPdnpKGyDEkYymhho=/600x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/angler_fish-580a1c005f9b58564c51aa8e.jpg 600w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/LjeslsHwkvKL40dI7DEGIJDLvNM=/900x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/angler_fish-580a1c005f9b58564c51aa8e.jpg 900w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/d7vatGd0sFM0I9zi5i9-ETJBzRE=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/angler_fish-580a1c005f9b58564c51aa8e.jpg 1500w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/JF9Y4OhDQRbYGfNnqpVlZbac9Bc=/1500x1000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/angler_fish-580a1c005f9b58564c51aa8e.jpg src=//:0 alt=Angler Fish class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-14 information following container=true /> Anglerfish (Melanocetus murrayi) Mid-Atlantic Ridge, North Atlantic Ocean. Anglerfish have sharp teeth and a luminescent bulb that is utilized to draw in prey. David Shale/Nature Picture Library/Getty Images There are various marine creatures that live inâ the mesopelagic zone. These creatures incorporate fish, shrimp, squid, kill eels, jellyfish, and zooplankton. Mesopelagic creatures assume a significant job in the worldwide carbon cycle and seas evolved way of life. These life forms relocate in huge number to the seas surface at sunset looking for food. Doing as such under the front of dim causes them to maintain a strategic distance from daytime predators. Huge numbers of the mesopelagic creatures, similar to zooplankton, feed on phytoplankton discovered richly in the upper epipelagic zone. Different predators follow zooplankton looking for food making an immense sea food web. At the point when first light emerges, the mesopelagic creatures retreat back to the front of the dim mesopelagic zone. Simultaneously, air carbon acquired by devoured surface creatures is moved to the sea profundities. Moreover, mesopelagic marine microscopic organisms additionally assume a significant job in worldwide carbon cycling by catching carbon dioxide and changing over it to natural materials, for example, proteins and starches, that can be utilized to help marine life. The creatures in the mesopelagic zone have adjustments to life in this faintly lit zone. A considerable lot of the creatures are equipped for producing light by a procedure called bioluminescence. Among such creatures are jellyfish-like animals known as salps. They use bioluminescence for correspondence and to pull in prey. Anglerfish are another case of bioluminescent remote ocean mesopelagic creatures. These bizarre looking fish have sharp teeth and a shining bulb of tissue that reaches out from their dorsal spine. This shining light draws in prey straightforwardly into the mouth of the anglerfish. Other creature adjustments to life in the mesopelagic zone incorporate brilliant scales that reflect light to assist fish with mixing in with their condition andâ well grew huge eyes that are coordinated upward. This encourages fish and shellfish to find predators or prey. Sources DallOlmo, Giorgio, et al. Generous Energy Input to the Mesopelagic Ecosystem from the Seasonal Mixed-Layer Pump. Nature Geoscience, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Nov. 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5108409/. New Research Reveals Sound of Deep-Water Animal Migration. Phys.org, 19 Feb. 2016, phys.org/news/2016-02-uncovers profound water-creature migration.html. Pachiadaki, Maria G., et al. Significant Role of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria in Dark Ocean Carbon Fixation. Science, vol. 358, no. 6366, 2017, pp. 1046â€1051., doi:10.1126/science.aan8260. Pelagic Zone V. Nekton Assemblages (Crustacea, Squid, Sharks, and Bony Fishes). MBNMS, montereybay.noaa.gov/sitechar/pelagic5.html. What Is a Thermocline?† NOAAs National Ocean Service, 27 July 2015, oceanservice.noaa.gov/realities/thermocline.html.

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Entrepreneurship at Babson

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Entrepreneurship at Babson MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools which are typically ranked outside the top 15. Babson College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, may be small, with just 2,000 undergraduates and approximately 240 full-time MBA students at its F.W. Olin Graduate School of Business, but it has built an outstanding reputation for entrepreneurship that far exceeds its size. Babson has been ranked number one in entrepreneurial education for 19 consecutive years by U.S. News World Report and as a top business school for MBA pay by Bloomberg Businessweek, in addition to being described as an “entrepreneurial powerhouse” by Forbes.  The school is home to the Arthur M. Blank Center for Entrepreneurship, named in honor of the co-founder of Home Depot who is also a Babson alumnus. The center offers various resources for students looking to start their own businesses, including the Global Entrepreneurs Monitor, Successful Transgenerational Entrepreneurship Practices Project and the John E. and Alice L. Butler Venture Accelerator Program. As part of their hiring requirements, each member of Babson’s faculty has firsthand entrepreneurial experience, offering students a cross-disciplinary curriculum based on real-world business decision making. Babson’s Signature Learning Experiences, for example, give students the opportunity to develop hands-on entrepreneurial skills by testing ideas and formulating business models. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough

The Culture Of The Family - 983 Words

Every family has a different culture. Whether the culture is about religion, or within the immediate family, every family has a different outlook. Laney and her family have discussed what their culture is. Culture includes what the family does on a daily basis and traditions. On a daily basis Laney keeps in touch with her family. She calls her parents daily to talk about what has happened in her life, and her parents also call her to catch up. Laney has 1 sister who she was very close with growing up. Now that her sister is married and living with her husband, their traditions have changed. Instead of seeing each other every day they now make a point to meet up. Some traditions that Laney has with her family is spending the holidays together, making trips up to her grandparent’s farm and making time for family lake trips. Culture of Family Laney and her family are Caucasian and their religion is catholic. Growing up Laney was baptized and was taught to go to church. She got confirmed and decided to keep going to church. Laney’s parents had two children. Her older sister was raised a lot stricter than Laney was growing up. The view of their children was to be disciplined and taught to be respectful. Always help your parents if they need it, and to listen. Laney was taught to look up to her older sister for advice, and to also respect that she was older than her. Laney and her family’s view of time was to be efficient. Also, Laney and her sister were raised with ageShow MoreRelatedFamily Culture : Family And Culture1262 Words   |  6 Pages Family and Culture I traveled to Germany last summer to visit my friend Janine I noticed many different behaviors in family life that differed from the culture home and family life.The family I stayed with seemed so connected compared to my own. The ways the families in Germany treat their guest is very different and far more hospitable than here in America. I was also surprised by how welcoming everyone I met from Janine s family. The biggest cultural shock thatRead MoreFamily and Culture1010 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Family culture is a unique way that a family forms itself in terms of rules, roles, habits, activities, beliefs, and other areas† (â€Å"What is family culture?†, 2002). The perception of family is an aspect of family culture; this includes the interactions within the family and with others. Some of these perceptions can be defined as myths. A myth is a belief about someone or something that is believed to be true, but it is false, made-up, or exaggerated (S. Yu, Lecture ). There are both positive andRead MoreFamily Culture1764 Words   |  8 PagesOften times when we hear the word culture, we think of the differences of different countries. That statement may be true; however, there are different cultures within the same country, even within the same city. No matter what culture we call our own, there are distinct differences between that of other cultures around us. One of the major differences occurs in the realm of family; family affection to be more specific. When talking about family affection, we should consider many different aspectsRead MoreInfluence Of Family Culture And Their Influence On Family, Culture, And Environment873 Words   |  4 PagesResearch has shown that a person is shaped by the influence of their family, their culture, and their environment. As far as I could remember my parents have always been there for me, always by my side cheering me on. I am lucky to have such wonderful parents because if it weren’t for their influence, I would not be the person that I am today. My father had a rough childhood growing up in New York. His family was poor and my grandmother was not very supportive, yet despite his living conditionsRead More family culture Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pages Often times when we hear the word culture, we think of the differences of different countries. That statement may be true; however, there are different cultures within the same country, even within the same city. No matter what culture we call our own, there are distinct differences between that of other cultures around us. One of the major differences occurs in the realm of family; family affection to be more specific. When talking about family affection, we should consider many different aspectsRead MoreThe Family Of Hmong Culture886 Words   |  4 PagesWith the centrality of the family in Hmong culture, having sons or a son is very important as they are the ones who will take on the last name and lead the future generation of the family (Cha, 2010). Cha states, â€Å"The clannish nature of Hmong society favors a son. A family that does not have a son is viewed as a burden to the clan and community, because such a family will not contribute much to the community,† (p. 24). In the culture, the son(s) will take care of the parents as the daughter willRead MoreCulture, Socialization, And The Family923 Words   |  4 Pagespeople especially young generation doesn’t have a choice, they have to learn how to interact with millions of cultures that is the main reason why I decided to choose this three ressources:Culture,Socialization,and The family First of all, talking about culture, it can be define as the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. In fact, culture is very important and I love it because it influences an individual s life in a variety of ways, includingRead MoreFamily Roles : Sioux And Their Culture Family 1430 Words   |  6 PagesSioux and their Culture Family Roles -Who’s in charge? Child independence? †¢ The family life of Native Americans today is defined as a nuclear family. This consists of the mother, father, and offspring. The parents are the leaders of the household and work together in making all major decisions. This leaves both the mother and father equally in charge especially when it comes to their offspring. As the child is growing up the parents take primary responsibility in directing their child’s life. WhenRead MoreFamily Of Origin And Our Family Culture Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe term Family of Origin refers to the family that you grew up in - your parents and siblings, your original family. It may also include grandparents, other relatives, or other individuals who lived with you during part of your childhood. From our family we learn how to communicate, deal with our emotions, and get our needs met. We also learn many of our values and beliefs from our families. We often develop our sense of self in the context of our family of origin. Our f amily of origin or ourRead MoreA Mexican Culture Family975 Words   |  4 PagesI was born into a Mexican culture family where I was born and raised in Fort Worth. Both my parents are American citizens but something important to know about my background is my mother is from America and my father is from Mexico, which also means I have family who have come over from Mexico. I feel like a lot of where I come from defines me a lot in where I stand politically. I’ve taken many tests to see where I stand and in some I’m an independent, others I’m slightly democrat and others I’m

Critiquing A Qualitative Research Article - 1612 Words

Critiquing a Qualitative Research Article Erinma Obioha South University Critiquing a qualitative research article Nurses are required to base their practice on evidence-based research. Therefore, it is essential for nurses to develop the skills necessary to analyze a research article. Critiquing a research article helps nurse judge the creditability of the information presented. This essay reviews a qualitative study titled â€Å"Factors Associated With Aggressive Behavior Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia.† Title Ryan, Coughlan, and Cronin (2007); Beck (2009) suggest that a research title should be unambiguous. A clear, accurate and concise header forms a major component or guideline for analyzing a qualitative study. Armed with this information, the title of the study is clear, concise and arrests the attention of the reader. From reading the title of the research article, it is easy to understand that the study focuses on looking at factors that contributes to aggressive behavior (AB) in the dementia patient population living in a nursing home. The title would precipitate further reading into the research study. Abstract According to Ryan, Coughlan, and Cronin (2007) having a clear overview of study, findings, methodology, recommendations amongst other criteria influences the believability of the content in a research paper. The abstract clearly and concisely outlays its objectives, designs, methods, and implications; however, the abstract didShow MoreRelatedEssay on Critiquing a Qualitative Nursing Research Article2354 Words   |  10 Pages The purpose of this paper is to critique a qualitative research article in all phases of the report. 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Providing care for patients diagnosed with brain tumors is the topic I selected toRead MoreKaplan Studies1329 Words   |  6 PagesCritiquing A Qualitative And Quantitative Study Eunique Burgos Kaplan University Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Studies In this research paper, we are to critique two different articles where one is based upon a qualitative study and the other one is based upon a quantitative study. The articles that were chosen for us to critique are The Effects Of Crossed Leg On Blood Pressure Measurement, which is the quantitative study and The Experience Of Patients Undergoing Awake CraniotomyRead MoreQualitative Scholarly Article Critique : How Christian Nurses Converse With Patients About Spirituality1480 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative Scholarly Article Critique Different types of research studies form the basis of evidence-based practice among many different aspects of health care. Qualitative research studies look at the most complex issues nurses face today and there is an emphasis on the need for more studies of this type. Critiquing qualitative research studies validate the study and provides a smooth transition incorporating the findings into clinical practice. Therefore, developing and maintaining the skillsRead MoreCritiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research1465 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 6: Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research Kaplan University July 16, 2013 Unit 6 Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research The research conducted by Foster-Fitzpatrick, Ortiz, Sibilano, Marcantonio and Braun (1999) is a quantitative study of the significance of crossing the legs while blood pressure is being measured. The purpose of the research was to determine whether leg-crossing impacted the results of blood pressure measurements. The research conducted by Palese, SkrapRead MoreArticle Critique 11374 Words   |  6 Pagescritique of the article Supporting Families through Discharge from PICU to the Ward: the Development and Evaluation of a Discharge Information Brochure for Families by Sophie Linton, Chelsea Grant, and Juliet Pellegrini, published in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing (2008, vol. 24). 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A pragmatic inquiry initiated and conducted by people with lived experience of service use† (2013). For this written critique we have decided to use Polit and Beck’s (2010), ‘Guide to an overall critique of a qualitative research report’ that was presented within the resource, ‘Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice’. This guide was chosen dueRead MoreDeveloping a framework for critiquing health research5723 Words   |  23 Pages Abstract A new framework for critiquing health-related research is presented in this article. More commonly used existing frameworks tend to have been formulated within the quantitative research paradigm. While frameworks for critiquing qualitative research exist, they are often complex and more suited to the needs of students engaged in advanced levels of study. The framework presented in this article addresses both quantitative and qualitative research within one list of questions. ItRead MoreReviewing A Qualitative And Quantitative Research Article872 Words   |  4 Pages Reviewing a Qualitative and Quantitative Research Article Do not select a meta-analysis or systematic review Qualitative Research Assignment Directions: Type your article references in APA format and answer the following questions in complete sentences about the article. You do not have to provide in text citations in the answers. (2 points for grammatical issues) APA Reference (9.5 points) Questions (0.5 points each) Critiquing Criteria derived from LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2010, p. 135-136

The Effects Of Cortisol Mediated Chronic And Acute Stress...

Overview of Cortisol-Mediated Chronic and Acute Stress and Immune System Response Introduction The nervous, endocrine, and immune systems share a close relationship critical to maintaining homeostasis during psychological and immune stress (Carlsson, Anneli, Ludvigsson, Faresjà ¶, 2014). Chronic stress, primarily mediated by the glucocorticoid cortisol, is associated with deleterious health outcomes and immune deficiency. However, acute stress is associated with protective health effects and immune enhancement. Stress has generally been regarded as adaptive when acute and short-term but maladaptive when chronic (Dhabhar, 2006; Carlsson, Anneli, Ludvigsson, Faresjà ¶, 2014; Johnson, Riley, Douglas, Riis, 2013; Flinn and England, 2003; Wiegers, Reul, Holsboer, de Kloet, 1994). The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms by which the nervous and immune systems interact to affect each other during periods of stress (psychological and physiological), the specific effects of cortisol-mediated stress on the immune system based on the magnitude and duration of the stressor, and the models proposed to explain these effects. General mechanisms of neuroendocrine and immune system relationship Under conditions of stress, the nervous system, via the SAM (sympathetic-adrenal-medullary) and HPA (hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-adrenal cortex) systems, produces neurotransmitters and hormones (such as cortisol and catecholamines) that bind to receptors on immune system cells;Show MoreRelatedAcute Stress Responses For Healthy Individuals May Be Adaptive And Typically Do Not Impose A Health Burden Essay1974 Words   |  8 PagesAcute stress responses in young, healthy individuals may be adaptive and typically do not impose a health burden. 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Relational Contract Theory assignment

Introduction The term contract itself sounds to be formal, and indeed it is construed to be a formal or legal binding agreement. In todays world we have witnessed the contracts and its evolving factors which are adding new aspects to the conventional understanding of the term contract. There are different approaches to the concept of contract such as a private commercial engagements or a memorandum of understanding for achieving certain pre-determined objectives or a record of expressing the conduct with a specific intent or a relational contract.A normal , prevailing definition is adopted: Relationship contracting is depends on recognition of as well as striving fin in the area of mutual benefits and win-win situation via more cooperative relationships among the parties. Relationship contracting emphasis and underpins number of approaches, like partnering, alliancing, joint venturing, and other collaborative working arrangements and much better risk sharing mechanisms Relationship contracts are generally long-term, develop and changes over period of time, and contain substantial relations among the parties. Hence, the researcher would evaluate and express the approach of Macaulays and Macneils research in the context of relational contract theory and its implications of court in the case of Byrne v Australian Airlines Limited by refusing implied terms in a contract. Byrne v Australian Airlines Limited, [1995] HCA 24. Insight Relational Contract Theory Though the contract is a formal undertaking, it has a flavor of relationship based on trust. Irrespective of whether contract being executed between Doctor-Patient, Lawyer-Client, Principal-Agent, etc. there is always an essence of trust involved in a contract. This trust makes one party to depend on the other, which might be for a longer or shorter period. Thus, the scholars had developed and are of the opinion that every contract plays an important role socially as well economically role, in the general context of social relations. There are few examples to the relational contract which are as under: Agreement of Integrated Form, USA [Made effective for project related to sutter health in California and as well as by other healthcare service provider]; Agreement of alliances (Australia) [It is in process of finalization but still it is not final expected to be finalized vey soon ]; and AIA C191-2009 Standard Form Multi-Party Agreement of Integrated Project Delivery. Above are the apt examples to understand and find the relevance of relational contract theory in a broader perspective. Theory of relational contract is propounded through the work related to e empirical of Macaulay and Beale, Dugdale as well as by legal research related to theory of R. McNeil, who is accredited with the starting use of the contract of relation based on terms. Macaulay express in his work that, generally in a pure traditional business, the parties to the transaction are not much concerned with the terms of the contract or the contract per se. Parties are more ambitious to do the business or not choose to stop the contract, however they would re-organize so as to make performance feasible and evolve the contract as relationship develops with the business in continuation . Thus, the dominance of a party in a transaction changes as the relationship evolves between the parties during the survival of the contract. As per Macaulay, the presence of non-legal norms is much more vital than the terms and conditions of a contract or the contract law itself. He believes that, formulating a contract is always expensive and the essence of trust and relationship in a contract is more of relevance in a contract. Commonly shared norms are seen frequently law related to contract and statutory remedies were tried to be avoided or avoided as without flexibility. Macneils core research is in relation to the environment in the contest of society and the rulws and regulation of behaviour that is prevailing in every guiding principal of exchange. He further elucidates that, every contract which is between the parties, irrespective of it being discrete transaction, it always has an essence of general environment of social relations, and accordingly he renamed his own version essential contract theory. According to Macneil, in the modern times parties to a contract have a chance to choose among position and behavioural standards as provided by the state. Thus any simple transaction could involve an essence of social and economic circumstances. For example, a relation between a customer and a seller or with a producer, in context of a particular product, for an instance, a customer who buys and drinks coke of a particular producer; he/she shall develop a certain relationship with the seller or producer though he/she might be purchasing coke for the first time from that seller. This is what a relational contract theory is. Another important aspect covered up by Macneil is that, how to respond a breach coming out of a contractual relation? He by leaving back the traditional approach and by pursuing the maverick understanding shows the remedial response of adhering to the private relationship of parties to the transaction. This new approach was also adopted in European Draft Common Frame of Reference, where the remedial provisions sort its relevance in the relational contract theory. Relational Contract Theory Byrne v Australian Airlines Limited The brief facts in the matter of Byrne v Australian Airlines Limited were that, the appellants were the employed as baggage handlers by the respondent. The services of the appellants were terminated on the grounds of pilfering baggage, which was negated by the appellants and contested their dismissal to be harsh, unjust and unreasonable. This unauthorized termination was argued to be in breach of clause 11(a) of the Transport Workers (Airlines) Award, 1988 and claim damages for the breach of the contract. One question in Byrnes case was about the difference in a statue and contract arising due to obligation clause as a result both become contrary . It was proposed by the appellants that the statutory rights/obligations are not needed to be embraced in the contract, as they are considered to be the part of every silent contract. But the court adjudicated that, firstly, there are specific pre-existed intention of the parties to the contract before they put their shoes into the contractual obligation. Secondly, Terms related to contract must be so exhaustive that it implicates a reasonable and equitable position to the parties of the contract. The court finally expressed its opinion by presenting its view that, in case of a contract being silent on certain important aspect which arise dispute in future shall not conjunct by an implied term. But an appropriate test is to be applied for understanding the intention of the parties or conduct of the parties through their past course of dealin g or social and economic relationship are to be assessed. Even, in cases where there is no expressed connotation of a specific term in the contract which leads to a situation of dispute in future, then termination a contract by giving a notice would suffice. But, this does not means that we have to presume any alteration/amendment in the contract would be out of a proximate intention of parties to contract. Justice Dixon also elaborated in the context of the term relationship. He says there is always a distinction between a contractual relationship and other relationship amongst the parties to the contract. Further he illuminate by referring to the contractual relationship entered between the parties in the country itself, he says , Wrong termination of employee, terminates the employer and employee relationship irrespective of the fact thatthe employee accepts the repudiation constituted by the wrongful expulsion and make an end to the contract. Thus, here the question is not about the dismissal or breach of a contract but the question is about the conduct of the parties to the contract, whether the relationship between the parties has empowered so that they go beyond the contractual terms to achieve a fair play. Hence, the understanding of Macneil that, in the modern times parties to a contract have a chance to decide or select for position and standards related to behavioral as given and specified by the respective authority is proved to be right. Thus, it is to be understood that the conduct of a contract is not only governed by the clause containing terms ,conditions and obligation of the contract, however due to the intentions, past relations as well as demeanor of the parties to the contract. Hence, the High Court of the Australia dismissed the appeal of the appellants and gave a contemporary guise to the understanding of a contract. Conclusion The work of Macaulay and Macneil lays its very existence in todays modern contracts. The commercial relationship between the parties entering into the contract, whether it is long term or short term, the significance of the intent and the approach/conduct of the parties shall determine the vivacity of the contract and shall not be prone to breach. Even, in the construction industry in Australia has adhere to the principles and prevailing norms of relational contract, where all three leveled namely the Inspector level, Engineer level and the Project Manager levels manages the issues on the basis of relationship, as the construction projects may suffer huge in case of breach/termination of a contract on minor or petty issues, which can be resolved through mutual understanding and negotiation irrespective of the contractual terms. Hence, it was observed that the barrier which are proactive is spitted down between the parties then by the collaborative approach one can resolve the differ ence and difficulty without referring to the formal document which may end up in more complex situation then we were never before. Further, I would like to accord the theories of B. Klein, that enforcement of contract must not be alternative under the guise of court enforcement or the private enforcement. Though, the earlier one may give an amount of rigidity and the later gives flexibility in the general context to the parties facing dispute after entering into the contract. In finality what that matters is the ultimate object of the parties to the transaction. So, it is not that important to comply with the terms of contract while it at a death bed, but rather we should try to focus on its survival.